One Brain Man

Carl Freiherr¹ von Rokitansky (Czech: Karel Rokytanský) (b. February 19, 1804, Hradec Králové, Bohemia; d. July 23, 1878, Vienna), Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician.

Medical career

Carl von Rokitansky attained a doctorate in medicine on 6 March 1828 at the University of Vienna. As a young professor, he recognized that the still little noted discipline of pathological anatomy could be of great service to clinical work in the hospital, because it could offer new diagnostic and therapy possibilities to the bed-side physician. With this, after Gerard van Swieten, who was the founder of the first Vienna School, Rokitansky released a veritable scientific "revolution". With the establishment of the second Vienna School, a paradigm shift went into effect, led by Rokitansky, Josef Škoda and Ferdinand von Hebra, from the notion of medicine as a nature-philosophical subject, to the more modern, scientifically-oriented medicine. In this way associated with the specialization of the medicine and with the development of new disciplines, the Vienna School achieved world-wide reputation.

Rokitansky's name is associated to the following diseases:

• Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
• Rokitansky's diverticulum
• Rokitansky's triad (pulmonary stenosis)
• Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (in the gallbladder)
• Rokitansky-Cushing ulcer
• Rokitansky-Maude Abbott syndrome
• Von Rokitansky's syndrome

He developed also a method of autopsy, named for him, which is still one of two standard methods in use today, based on the in situ examination of the viscera. Rokitansky is said "to have supervised 70,000 autopsies, and personally performed over 30,000, averaging two a day, seven days a week, for 45 years" [1]

Philosophical career

Although Rokitansky defended the "materialistic method" in scientific research, he rejected materialism as a philosophical world view. In his commemorative speech on the occasion of the opening of the Institute of Pathological Anatomy at the General Hospital of Vienna, he warned against the abuse of "natural science liberties". Scientists should first regard humans as "conscious and free-willing subjects" and only then follow their urge toward knowledge. The feeling of humanity would be lost if physicians regarded human beings purely as research objects. Thus Rokitansky brought up for the first time the question of ethics in medicine. In another speech about the "solidarity of all animal life", delivered at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Rokitansky showed his proximity to Arthur Schopenhauer's writings on compassion: "if we [... ] preserve and practice compassion", he explained "we are able to alleviate part of the load of suffering" of patients. Human generosity will be shown by our capability to accept the greatest sufferings by voluntarily renouncing aggression. Those who succeed in this should be our greatest ethical role models.

On 17 July 1848 von Rokitansky was selected to the be an effective member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. In 1866 he became its vice-president and from 1869 until his death on 23 July 1878, its president. Rokitansky felt that this "was the largest honour which I could enjoy".

Political career

By way of his leading positions in the most diverse academic and political institutions of the Austrian Empire, Rokitansky helped to shape the era of Austrian high liberalism. He represented liberalism among the educated middle class and strove for "freedom and progress", both to the university reform and to the substantial improvement of health sciences. Rokitansky was several times the dean of the medical school, and, in 1853, the first freely elected rector of the medical congregation of the University of Vienna and president of the Superior Medical Council. From 1850 until his death, he also presided the Physician's Society of Vienna, In 1863 he was appointed by Anton von Schmerling as medical adviser to the Ministry of the Interior. In 25 November 1867 he was "unexpectedly and unprepared" nominated by Franz Joseph I to the High Chamber of the Royal Council. Finally, he was elected in 1870 to the presidency of the Anthropological Society.

Notes

¹ Note regarding personal names: Freiherr is a title equal to the title Baron, not a first or middle name.

Bibliography

• Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie. 3 volumes. Wien, Braumüller u. Seidel, 1842-1846.
• Die Defecte der Scheidewände des Herzens. Wien, W. Braumüller, 1875.

External links

• Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky. WhoNamedIt.

The VE engine is a 3.0 L V6 piston engine from Nissan. It is a derivative of the Nissan VG engine and was only used for a few years. This motor has an iron block, aluminum cylinder heads with 4 valves per cylinder, variable valve timing on the intake camshafts, coil on plug ignition, and an available variable intake manifold.

A major difference between the VE and VG30DE engines is the heads. The low underhood clearance on the 92 -94 Maxima demanded a special head to be developed with 30°, rather than 46°, between the valves. Lack of space also demanded a redesigned camshaft drive system, so a special chain drive was developed. However, the block is basically the same for both motors.

VE30DE

The 3.0 L (2960 cc) VE30DE produces 190 hp (142 kW) at 5600rpm and 190 ft.lbf (258 Nm) at 4000rpm. This motor redlines at 6500rpm. It was built from July, 1991 through March, 1994.

It is used in the following vehicles:

• 1992-1994 Nissan Maxima SE

See also

• List of Nissan engines

Part of the Nissan series
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	Engines: I4: D | C | G | J | H | L | A | Z | CA | CG | E | FJ | GA | KA | SR | QG | QR | HR | MR I6: L | S20 | RB V6: VG | VE | VQ V8: Y | VH | VK
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A fetal stethoscope (also known as Pinard's stethoscope or a pinard) is a listening device used in the care of pregnancy. The instrument is shaped like a listening trumpet and is placed on the abdomen of the woman so that the midwife or doctor can find the fetal heart sounds.

The fetal stethoscope has mostly been replaced by the electronic sonicaid.

See also

• stethoscope

Middlebury Township is a civil township of Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 1,491.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 64.1 km² (24.8 mi²). 64.0 km² (24.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.20% water.

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there are 1,491 people, 565 households, and 431 families residing in the township. The population density is 23.3/km² (60.3/mi²). There are 600 housing units at an average density of 9.4/km² (24.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 98.26% White, 0.27% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 1.41% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 565 households out of which 35.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% are married couples living together, 7.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% are non-families. 19.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.64 and the average family size is 3.01.

In the township the population is spread out with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township is $45,313, and the median income for a family is $50,595. Males have a median income of $37,989 versus $23,929 for females. The per capita income for the township is $18,398. 2.4% of the population and 1.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.6% of those under the age of 18 and 1.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Loughcrew, Oldcastle, County Meath, Ireland. Loughcrew is a site of some historically important locations in Ireland. It is the site of ancient burial grounds and the birthplace of St Oliver Plunkett.

The Loughcrew Cairns

The Loughcrew cairns are amongst the oldest structures in the world, built approximately 3300 BC as passage tombs. The cairns are built on the highest hills in the region, the "Sliabh na Caillighe". They have been relatively undeveloped (compared to Newgrange), which has left the region unspoilt.

Oliver Plunkett

Loughcrew is the birthplace of Oliver Plunkett. The family church stands in the grounds of Loughcrew gardens

External links

• Loughcrew Information and Images
• Details of how to obtain access to the interior of Cairn T
• From http://www.mythicalireland.com
• A Visit to Loughcrew Megalithic Complex